SDG #10 is to “Reduce inequality within and among countries.”
Within SDG #10 are 10 targets, of which we here focus on Target 10.1:
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
Target 10.1 has one indicator:
Indicator 10.1.1: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
SDG #10 serves as a symbol of one of the three pillars of sustainable development: social inclusion. This means to share prosperity across society. Social inclusion ensures the alleviation of pockets of poverty not only across countries, but also within. Indicator 10.1.1 measures this via the growth rate of the income or consumption of the bottom 40% of the population by income.
The most impressive growth rate differential in income between the bottom 40% and the entire population was in Serbia. This country had a 2020 income growth rate for the bottom 40% of 13%, and 7% for the national average. In Myanmar, the 2022 income growth for the bottom 40% was 9%, and 1% for the national average. In the opposite direction, Mozambique had an income growth rate of 1.5% for the bottom 40% in 2022 and 5.4% for the national average.
